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• 1 2024-08-20T10:53:01+00:00 History, Religion, and Law Intertwined 15 Second Page – Historical/ Religious Significance/ Legalization of the River as a human – Google maps gallery 2024-08-21T07:31:06+00:00
  
  The Ganges River, revered as a goddess and lifeblood of millions in India, is undergoing a crisis of immense proportions. Despite its sacred status, the Ganges has become one of the most polluted rivers in the world, symbolizing the intersection of ecological, social, and political failures. The degradation of the Ganges River exemplifies the hidden violence embedded in high modernist development practices, revealing how these projects perpetuate ecological destruction and marginalization under the guise of progress. By analyzing the disjunction between official narratives and the lived realities of affected communities and ecosystems, this paper challenges the dominant discourse on development, arguing for a more holistic approach that recognizes the intertwined fates of human and non-human life. Through this lens, the study examines the infrastructural violence, residual governance, and necropolitics that contribute to the river's decline, advocating for an integrated and ecologically sensitive approach to address the Ganges crisis.
  
  The Ganges River, or Ganga, is more than just a body of water; it is a symbol of life, purity, and spiritual renewal in India. For centuries, the Ganges has been central to the cultural and religious practices of millions, with its waters believed to purify the soul and cleanse sins. The river’s sacredness is deeply ingrained in Hindu mythology, where it is personified as the goddess Ganga, descending from the heavens to cleanse the earth. This spiritual reverence, however, stands in stark contrast to the river’s current state of pollution, which threatens its ability to sustain life. The historical significance of the Ganges is closely tied to its role in supporting agriculture, fishing, and daily life for communities along its banks. The river has historically provided irrigation for one of the most fertile agricultural regions in the world, supporting crops such as rice, wheat, and sugarcane.
  
  In March 2017, the Uttarakhand High Court ruled that the Ganges River and its main tributary, the Yamuna, would be granted the same legal rights as human beings. This groundbreaking decision aimed to protect these rivers from environmental degradation, drawing on precedents such as Ecuador's 2008 recognition of nature's rights and New Zealand's acknowledgment of the Whanganui River as a legal person. However, the legal status of the Ganges and Yamuna as "living entities" faced significant challenges, especially given the complexities surrounding the Ganges, which impacts the lives of over 500 million people. Unlike previous cases, the sheer scale of the Ganges River presented a more difficult legal and practical scenario. Ultimately, the ruling was overturned by India's Supreme Court, which declared that rivers cannot be treated as legal persons. The Court raised concerns about the practical implications of holding governments responsible for the rivers' rights, particularly considering the extensive pollution and environmental degradation they face. Despite the High Court's intentions to protect these vital water bodies, the Supreme Court's decision underscored the challenges in implementing such a legal framework. While the concept may seem impractical, this holistic approach—treating the Ganges River Basin as a living entity—could be precisely what is needed to ensure its protection and restoration, acknowledging its role as a source of life for millions.
  
  
• 1 2024-08-20T10:56:33+00:00 High Modernism and Necropolitics - The Gange's Decline 11 Fourth Page – Animal Life Impact, Government Document and Source Limitations/ Argument for Necropolitics and High Modernism plain 2024-08-21T12:09:28+00:00 The concept of necropolitics, introduced by Achille Mbembe, refers to the power to decide who may live and who must die. In the context of the Ganges, necropolitics is evident in the continued neglect of the river’s health, despite its critical importance to over half a billion people. The Indian government’s failure to effectively address the pollution crisis reflects a form of governance that prioritizes economic growth and industrial development over the well-being of its citizens and the environment.
  
  
  
  The Ganges’ pollution has had devastating consequences for public health, particularly for marginalized communities who lack access to clean water and adequate healthcare. Waterborne diseases such as cholera, dysentery, and typhoid are rampant in these communities, with children being particularly vulnerable. The high rates of infant mortality and malnutrition in areas along the Ganges are a stark reminder of the necropolitical dimension of the crisis, where the lives of the poor and marginalized are deemed expendable in the pursuit of development.
  
  The necropolitical nature of the Ganges crisis is also evident in the government’s focus on large-scale infrastructure projects that often exacerbate environmental degradation rather than mitigate it. The construction of dams, for example, has led to the displacement of thousands of people, particularly indigenous communities who have been living in harmony with the river for centuries. These communities are often left without adequate compensation or resettlement options, forcing them into poverty and further marginalization. The destruction of their traditional livelihoods and cultural practices is a form of slow violence that is often overlooked in the broader narrative of development and progress.
  
  Necropolitics in the management of the Ganges serves as the ultimate expression of the hidden violence that underpins high modernist development practices. The focus on large-scale infrastructure projects that often exacerbate environmental degradation rather than mitigate it reflects a governance model that values economic gain over the preservation of life—both human and non-human.